Multi-objective Eco-Routing Model Development and Evaluation for Battery Electric Vehicles

This paper develops a multi-objective eco-routing algorithm (eco- and travel time-optimum routing) for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) internal combustion engine (ICEVs) investigates the network-wide impacts of proposed Nash optimum (user equilibrium) traffic assignment on large-scale network. Unlike ICEVs, BEVs are more energy efficient low-speed arterial trips compared with highway trips. Different consumption patterns require different strategies ICEVs BEVs. study found that single-objective could significantly reduce but also increase their average time. Consequently, developed routing model time-routing) to improve both time measures. The introduced link cost function uses specification value fuel/energy. simulation BEV by 13.5%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 10.7%, as well ICEV fuel 0.1%, 4.3%, 3.4%, 10.6% “not congested, “slightly congested,”“moderately congested,” “highly congested” conditions, respectively. user equilibrium reduced vehicle up 10.1% standard highly congested producing solution closer system assignment. results indicate strategy can fuel/energy effectively minimum times ICEVs.